The Digital Millennium Copyright Act Essay example -- Technology Gover

The Digital Millennium Copyright Act Signed into law by President Clinton on October 28, 1998, the Digital Millennium Copyright Act (DMCA) "was the foundation of an effort by Congress to implement United States treaty obligations and to move the nation's copyright law into the digital age." ("Executive Summary DMCA Report") While this seems a valid description of the law, perhaps a more accurate interpretation lies in the following statement: "The DMCA is a piece of legislation rushed through Congress by the entertainment industry lobbyists to protect its monopoly on commercially-developed digital content, cartels, price-fixing, and to maintain its status quo as the single entity that can direct what should be 'popular' or 'used' by the consumer masses." (Forno) Since its enactment, the Digital Millennium Copyright Act has been a controversial topic of debate and evaluating the relationship between United States copyright law and technological change is an ongoing, delicate issue for Congress. "The DMCA is the product of the obligations of the United States to implement two international treaties proposed by the World Intellectual Property Organization. Both treaties provide that contracting states shall provide adequate legal protection and effective legal remedies against the circumvention of effective technological measures that are used by copyright owners with respect to their works." (Ottaviani C1) In addition, it exists for the purpose of advancing two goals, "to protect intellectual property rights in the modern digital environment and to promote continued growth and development of electronic commerce." (Ottaviani C1) The law was enacted perhaps with a valid purpose and with the interests of the people in mind, ho... ...mately our human rights. Works Cited Electronic Frontier Foundation. "National Security and Individual Freedoms: How the DMCA Threatens Both." 18 July 2001 [last update]. http://www.infowarrior.org/articles/2001-05.html 1 November 2002. Executive Summary Report. "Digital Millennium Copyright Act."18 November 2002 [last update]. http://www.loc.gov/copyright/reports/studies/dmca/dmca_executive.html 18 November 2002. Hoppin, Jason. "Copyright law faces court test." The National Law Journal. April 1, 2002. Online. Lexis Nexis. Electronic Periodicals. 1 December 2002. Ottaviani, John E. "DMCA faces free speech challenges." The National Law Journal. October 22, 2001. Online. Lexis Nexis. Electronic Periodicals. 1 December 2002. Thibodeau, Patrick. "DMCA." Computerworld. December 2, 2002. Online. Lexis Nexis. Electronic Periodicals. 1 December 2002. The Digital Millennium Copyright Act Essay example -- Technology Gover The Digital Millennium Copyright Act Signed into law by President Clinton on October 28, 1998, the Digital Millennium Copyright Act (DMCA) "was the foundation of an effort by Congress to implement United States treaty obligations and to move the nation's copyright law into the digital age." ("Executive Summary DMCA Report") While this seems a valid description of the law, perhaps a more accurate interpretation lies in the following statement: "The DMCA is a piece of legislation rushed through Congress by the entertainment industry lobbyists to protect its monopoly on commercially-developed digital content, cartels, price-fixing, and to maintain its status quo as the single entity that can direct what should be 'popular' or 'used' by the consumer masses." (Forno) Since its enactment, the Digital Millennium Copyright Act has been a controversial topic of debate and evaluating the relationship between United States copyright law and technological change is an ongoing, delicate issue for Congress. "The DMCA is the product of the obligations of the United States to implement two international treaties proposed by the World Intellectual Property Organization. Both treaties provide that contracting states shall provide adequate legal protection and effective legal remedies against the circumvention of effective technological measures that are used by copyright owners with respect to their works." (Ottaviani C1) In addition, it exists for the purpose of advancing two goals, "to protect intellectual property rights in the modern digital environment and to promote continued growth and development of electronic commerce." (Ottaviani C1) The law was enacted perhaps with a valid purpose and with the interests of the people in mind, ho... ...mately our human rights. Works Cited Electronic Frontier Foundation. "National Security and Individual Freedoms: How the DMCA Threatens Both." 18 July 2001 [last update]. http://www.infowarrior.org/articles/2001-05.html 1 November 2002. Executive Summary Report. "Digital Millennium Copyright Act."18 November 2002 [last update]. http://www.loc.gov/copyright/reports/studies/dmca/dmca_executive.html 18 November 2002. Hoppin, Jason. "Copyright law faces court test." The National Law Journal. April 1, 2002. Online. Lexis Nexis. Electronic Periodicals. 1 December 2002. Ottaviani, John E. "DMCA faces free speech challenges." The National Law Journal. October 22, 2001. Online. Lexis Nexis. Electronic Periodicals. 1 December 2002. Thibodeau, Patrick. "DMCA." Computerworld. December 2, 2002. Online. Lexis Nexis. Electronic Periodicals. 1 December 2002.

Non-Depletable Energy Resources Essay -- Fossil Fuels Environmental, R

Non-Depletable Energy Resources Today, much of the world’s energy comes from the processing of fossil fuels like oil, natural gas, and coal. These fossil fuels, however, will not last forever. Fossil fuel supplies are slowly but surely dwindling in numbers and one day we will run out. We need to find different ways to generate energy. Another reason to find different ways to generate energy is that the burning and processing of fossil fuels emit NOx, SOx, CO2, and other particulate matter that is harmful to our environment and our health. Some may argue that nuclear energy power plants is the way that our society should generate energy, however, the nuclear waste it produces and the extreme dangers that exist if a plant were to blow up emitting radioactive material across a large span of area make me question its benefits. I think that society should turn to non-depletable resources such as solar energy, wind energy, geothermal energy and hydroelectric energy for our energy needs. Why turn to the non-depletable energy resources? The answer is simple. All of these energy resources depend on renewable resources to generate power. No matter what we will never run out of wind, sunlight, water, or the heat that is in the core of the earth. There is no need to worry about dwindling supplies. Also, people have been using non-depletable resources for years. Hydroelectricity dates back to the Greeks of the 1st BC who used hydroelectricity to grind wheat and flour. The Persians had there own form of a wind mill in 500- 900 AD. The Paleo- Indians of North America even used geysers which would later be used for geothermal energy as a spa like refuge. Although there are some social and environment... ...Grand Vent is â€Å"that the combination of consistent offshore wind, modern turbine technology, and unused oil platforms can produce clean, inexpensive power for Louisiana.† (Source 2) I am a person that is very concerned with the environment. I think that we should do whatever it takes to keep the world we live in safe and clean. We as a society need to study and fully develop these non-depletable resources. Their environmental and social implications are minor compared to the use of fossil fuels and to nuclear energy. The costs will be minimized once we fully develop them and put them into full use. Works Cited Class Notes http://www.eia.doe.gov/kids/classactivities/energyarticles.html http://www.solar4power.com/ http://www.environment.sa.gov.au/reporting/human/energy/renewable.html

Religion Versus Science in The Scopes Monkey Trial :: American America History

Religion Versus Science in The Scopes Monkey Trial   Ã‚  Ã‚   The stage was set in Dayton, Tennessee.   The leading actor in this show was a twenty five-year-old science teacher named John T. Scopes. Scopes was under the direction of advancing America.   The playbill read The Scopes â€Å"Monkey† Trial.   In 1925 John T. Scopes was encouraged to challenge the Butler Law.   This law had been passed by a small town in Dayton, Tennessee to prohibit teaching contra to those in the Bible. Teaching from an evolutionary text, Scopes broke the law and gained the attention of the National media.   The concentration of the media on the Scopes Trial effectively presented the contrasting ideas of a religious town and an evolving country.   Ã‚  Ã‚   The town in Dayton, Tennessee was both religious and stable.   People in this town were seen holding signs marked with the command to â€Å"Read Your Bible† (Ginger 93). The inhabitants here had adopted the teachings of the Bible in order to feel secure within a time of change.   â€Å"In rural areas, particularly in the South and Midwest, Americans turned to their faith for comfort and stability† (Scopes 12).   The town would hold on to what they knew.   People in Dayton had no desire to travel forward with the roaring twenties.   William Jennings Bryan was the leading defender of the Butler Law as well as heading the prosecution. Bryan was determined to defend as literally true every word of the Bible.   In the deepest sense, he had to defend it; he needed reassurance and certainty, and since childhood had learned to rely on the Bible as the source of reassurance and certainty.   (Ginger 41).   Bryan would be the leader to a people who held on to religion and the past.   Ã‚  Ã‚   In contrast to this small town were the advancing views of America.   The twenties continued to roar towards modernism.   â€Å"Breakthroughs in technology, the increase in material wealth, and the beginning of an empire seemingly heralded the upward march of civilization, with America on the forefront† (Dumenil 6).   In all directions, it was clear that America was moving forward.   Transportation was a prime example of this advancement.   Innovator Henry Ford introduced his â€Å" Ford Miracle† to the public (Dumenil 6).   Economies and the social values also began to advance.   â€Å"Dubious get-rich-quick schemes and fads†¦contributed to a tone of feverish frivolity† (Dumenil 7).   People began to lead fast paced lives with the desire to become rich, quickly.

J. Pierpont Morgan and Andrew Carnegie

Viviana Kucharski AMH 2020 Sep 20 2012 J. Pierpont Morgan & Andrew Carnegie It is difficult to image two men born in such a different social condition have so much in common. Two men that opened his way to the success based in hard work and somehow shared that success with others less fortunate. J P Morgan and Andrew Carnegie were two powerful men; disciplined, intelligent, and hard workers. President Roosevelt described J P Morgan as a sincere and trustful man. He developed a social and professional confidence, and his corpulent body and deep black eyes were intimidating.He was born as a natural leader. In the other hand Andrew Carnegie was compassionate, ethic, humble, a truth optimistic. His mother taught him the value of hard work. â€Å"He was devoted to his mother and deeply lover her. † (www. biography. com, minute10’55’). He believed in qualities of all men. Andrew Carnegie was born in Scotland in 1835 in the womb of a working class family. Since school w asn't mandatory his formal education didn't start until age of 8, however his father and uncles led his early education.In the other side of the world, in Connecticut, America â€Å"J P Morgan was born into a prosperous mercantile-banking family in 1837†. (American Eras. Vol. 8. ) He was raised in Hartford, Boston, and London. His formal education began in New England schools and continued in Switzerland and Germany. After a year in University his father placed in one of his affiliate firms. Instead, once Andrew arrived to America at age of 13, his school’s days were over. Andrew’s first job was a bobbin boy and then in the O'Reilly Telegraph Company. â€Å"Andrew saw this job as a first step on his road toward success. † (Machen Rau, pg 36. After years or learning and observing, Andrew invested in the Adams Express Company and in the Woodruff Sleeping Car Company and it turned out to be a successful investment that brought him lots of money. Unlike Carne gie, Morgan first job was on the board of a financial firm. Morgan possessed a unique skill at transforming struggling business and management to make them highly profitable, and this includes the remorganization of the railroad dramatically affected by the depression of 1893, and the Government of U. S. A. , which he saved twice, first in the Gold treasury Crisis and later in the depression of 1907.Meanwhile, in 1863 Andrew realized that wood structures could be replaced by iron. He formed the Keystone Bridge Company and after years of doubts he finally invested in the Carnegie Steel Company, which Morgan would buy years after to form in 1901 the U. S. Steel Company. In two decades J P Morgan managed the formation of different companies including the well-known General Electric and Carnegie turned his life from being a bobbin boy to being the richest man in the world. Andrew Carnegie and J P Morgan left a tremendous legacy focused in education, scientific research, and foundations. Carnegie’s legacy also includes the improvement in steel quality and its production to make it more affordable. J P Morgan also left a legacy consistent in financial corporations that still working these days touching the life of thousand of people. Andrew Carnegie and J P Morgan were two powerful men that made a fantastic input in the life of millions of people helping to transform America from an agrarian nation to an industrial and economic leader of the world. Sources: †¢ â€Å"Andrew Carnegie: Prince of Steel† 2012. Biography. com Authors: Rick Davis, Jack Perkins, Jaffe Productions; Hearts Entertainment Publisher: New York, New York.Bio. 2008, 1995 http://www. biography. com/people/andrew-carnegie-9238756 †¢ â€Å"J. Pierpont Morgan: emperor of Wall Street† 2012 Biography. com Authors: Jack Perkins; Jaffe Productions; Actuality Productions; Hearts Entertainment Publisher: New York: A ; E Home Video: Distributed in the U. S. by New Video Group, 19 96 http://www. biography. com/people/jhon-pierpont-morgan-9414735 †¢ â€Å"John Pierpont Morgan. † American Eras. Vol 8. Detroit: Gale, 1997. Gale Biography In Context. Gale Document Number: Gale|K2438000252 †¢ Dana, Meachen. Captain of Industry. Minneapolis: Compass Point Books, 1971.

Building a global network

The paper shall examine some of the challenges that PricewaterhouseCoopers (PwC) are confronting after a merger between Pricewaterhouse and Coopers and Lybrand. The company is one of the most influential within its respective business arena. Such a position presents a fresh set of challenges in terms of creating an efficient and fully functioning network. These issues shall be examined below. Importance of having a knowledge base or intranet resources The latter company had benefited from the economies of scale that emanated from creation of such a large and influential global company.Consequently, there was a need to ensure that one of the most important qualities in business was attained and this was speed. The latter trait would only be efficiently carried out if the companies under consideration had fast technologies to help them achieve this. One of the latter modes of technology is the use of intranet and possession of a knowledge base. (PWC, 2000) The intranet would go a long way in facilitating communication between a series of stakeholders within this firm. Some of them included its employees, the company’s suppliers, its clients and many more.Since these stakeholders were distributed globally, then there was a need to make sure that this information was shared efficiently and the best way to do this was through the utilization of a sound knowledge management system or the intranet. A good knowledge base was also essential in adding value to the various clients by providing them with easy access to their resources. Intranet would also assist in boosting the process of deployment that provided products and services within the firm. In addition, the knowledge base was also essential in ensuring sound management of those resources.Lastly, the use of the intranet was important in ensuring that the merger was effectively carried out. This was because the latter form of technology would ensure that information was fist captured, then updated and distr ibuted effectively within this organization. In other words, knowledge within the two firms would be made available to the entire organization and this would make the process a whole lot more effective. Advantages and disadvantages of the Knowledge curve implemented at PWC There are a number of strong points that the Knowledge Curve (the intranet) that was implemented by PwC.First of all, it provided a platform against which all the knowledge within the firm was incorporated. This meant that the Knowledge Curve was instrumental in providing a tool for providing the company with a source of competitive advantage. (Thomas, 2000) The Knowledge Curve was also advantageous because of its profiling capabilities. Through this methodology, it was possible to understand the needs of the company on the basis of geography, line of business and industry. This intranet system was important to the company because it would assist the company to achieve knowledge management both at global level and also at office level.However, there was a problem with the Knowledge Curve owing to the fact that certain priorities at office level would not be implemented on a global level. This was because only the aspects that were common between various firms would be included in this global level system of profiling. (Law, 1998) It should be noted that this limitation was dealt with by providing Knowledge Curve homepages for each office. This would go a long way in ensuring that personalized information was restricted for these areas. Another major disadvantage was that it was difficult to customize this respective system.This eventually led to the creation of another website whose purpose was to ensure that local needs within each enterprise level were addressed. The latter website was known as the bridge. By adding such extra features, then it can be said that Knowledge Curve was a bit ineffective at achieving most of it objectives. (Lambert and Langley, 2000) How PWC would encourage user s to contribute knowledge towards the intranet First of all, PWC could ensure that they break down all the bureaucratic systems within the company.This means that the former mentality where it had been held that the support teams are implementers while the more experienced members were the decision makers should be changed. By doing this, people who are more in touch with what is going on at the ground will be encouraged to participate more within the intranet system within the company. The company needs to ensure that there is a flatter structure implemented on the ground. This will go a long way in encouraging participants to contribute towards the internet because they will feel more valued by the organization.While the company has gone a long way in eliminating some of the office politics within the organization, there are still relatively high numbers of issues that need to be implemented by this company in order to boost participation. Since there is still a management board t hat does project approvals and constitutes the management board, then people within the organization may still be feeling a little inhibited about contributing towards that intranet. Fewer powers need to be given to this board so as to boost an open environment.How PWC could facilitate awareness about the intranet and encourage users to utilize the knowledge base PWC was faced with an enormous task of informing all its one hundred and fifty thousand employees who are distributed across one hundred and fifty two countries for this receptive company. Consequently, there was a need to look for methods that could apply in such a wide geographical arena. Presentations are always a good way of informing people about something new. Consequently, the latter company could utilize this method to inform people.It could carry this out by visiting various offices hence talking to people face to face and making them understand some of these issues properly. (Law, 1998) Besides using presentations , there is a need to interact personally with these potential users through the utilization of direct instructions. The company could go a long way in promoting awareness by distributing literature in the system. Since PWC is implementing the system on a global scale, then there is a need for the company to ensure that all the respective groups understand the intricacies involved through a method that leaves room for the communication of vast amounts of data.Other ways in which this company can create awareness include; †¢ Flyers †¢ Posters †¢ Wallet cards †¢ Give a ways †¢ Many more The company can also go a long way in ensuring that various professionals understand how to use this system. This can be done by implementing sessions tailored for such groups. Examples are all the accountants within the firm. By addressing a particular profession, then the company will have shown them just how specific the intranet will be to their respective needs. Promoting a wareness should not just be restricted to understanding the system itself.Awareness needs to be done through a two way exchange. In other words, the system needs to be made in such a manner that the underlying problems faced by the users need to be understood by the incoming team. One such example is the Knowledge Point help desk in which individuals can address their problems through such a system. Besides this, there is also a need to look into some of the challenges that the group is likely to encounter through a survey. Here, respondents can be asked about how they found the intranet and what the company can do to improve it.Tracking this intranet on an annual basis can also go a long way in ensuring its success. (Anonymous, 1998) Issues that PWC could encounter for intranet users outside PWC Most of the problems to be faced by intranet users outside of this organization will emanate from the fact that there are still a number of corrections that are yet to be done in the proces s. An example of this issue is in terms of its Notes usage; the company is yet to implement a regional basis of this system. Consequently, the following Notes names will have to be carried out †¢ Country †¢ City †¢ Line of serviceSince ensuring the implementation of such system would take up a lot of time, then it can be said that the security of the user will be at stake. Another way in which security issues could present a hurdle to the respective clients under consideration is through the implementation of a private link to the client’s system. This can be problematic owing to the fact that implementing it is too complex thus leaving security needs unmet. An example of how such a problem was revealed was when the PWC tried implementing a private system for Hong Kong which was the centre point of all Asian Pacific clients.This was implemented through Australian, New Zealand and Hong Kong gateways. Utilization of such measures could be very problematic owing t o the fact that so many security bridges can arise out of such a complex system. Evaluation of Lotus and the Knowledge Curve Benefits of using such systems Also, the intranet was very important to this company because of the fact that it was quite simple to implement. In other words, it was relatively easy to package, capture and also deliver knowledge to the respective users.Whether PWC could manage diverse and huge information with its technical infrastructure PWC can definitely manage such a diverse information system owing to the fact that it implemented a rationalization program. This was done in order to eliminate duplication of work that arose out of the availability of two sources of data. Besides this, the company was in need of synchronizing all the numerous databases that were located within different geographical areas. In order to solve such a problem, the company chose to delegate duties to lines of service.Doing this was an effective and adequate way of making sure th at all the problems being faced were dealt with meticulously. Besides that, the IT team would have been overburdened by the problem. Each line of service member was supposed to carry out identification of the data owner. PWC was able to carry this out effectively also data owners were assigned the task of regularly updating information so as to ensure that the data base was valuable. Carrying out these painstaking tasks to completion was an indication that the company can manage vast amounts of data. (Lotus, 2000)Additionally, this company is capable of covering most of its challenges to be faced in managing huge databases by choosing to maintain open rather than closed systems. Closed systems may work for relatively small companies. However, companies of a global nature such as PWC are in need of making sure that people can update and access information as smoothly as possible and an open database would definitely be the way to go. Lastly, PWC was able to eliminate the duplication problem that it was facing at the beginning of their merger. This was also another painstakingly slow process since it was manually done.Since the company was able to do this effectively, then one can assume that the company can be able to carry out the process of managing even larger amounts of data in the future. Ways in which the Knowledge Curve structure could be improved The Knowledge Curve could be improved in the future trough working on local Knowledge Curves. Already, the Development team has been assigned with this task. They need to ensure that all data is analyzed at local levels in order to streamline some of the tax management, document management and executive recruitment tasks (Farhoomand, 2000)In order for the knowledge curve to work, there should be improvement of the company’s networking system. Servers for data sharing need to be worked on. Also, there are a number of related task that need to be managed and target include; monitoring, internet services, n etwork management and security systems. The Knowledge Curve also requires continuous improvement of the Lotus Notes Infrastructure, this can best be achieved through the process of recertifying all identification within this systems. Besides this, the process of addressing through the use of initials needs to be implemented.The Knowledge Curve needs to be in line with recent technologies. This needs to be done in such a manner that items such as voice recognition technologies need to reflect such perceptions. In line with this is the issue of upgrading the power system within the company. Lastly, the Knowledge curve can also be improved through a sound feedback teams. First of all, they need to ensure that calls are answered promptly. Also, they need to improve their level of integration between the use and the integration of internal networks.How PWC should disseminate the service to its clients The company is interested in ensuring that most if not all the services offered to thei r respective clients are done in an effective manner. In order to do this, then clients should not be treated as if operational challenges are part of their problems. The company needs to ensure that the transition is as smooth as possible. (Leong, 1999) First of all, the company should send notifications to their clients about any recent upgrades within their system. This can be done through email.Thereafter, the company should give details about those changes and leave room for inquiries from clients in case they do not understand the instructions. Shortly after, the company needs to carry implementation in one stage. This can be done in short intervals so as to ensure that the entire process is covered within a relatively short time. Customers can get weary of this by implementation if they constantly have to grapple with new changes. It would be best to get it over and done with at one go. Whether PWC should offer the service for free or for a feeSince PWC prides itself in the v alue addition within its services, then the company should offer the service as a bonus to their clients. The rewards of implementing such a system will be depicted in the returns obtained by the system. PwC will be more effective in responding to client needs and they will also have a large capacity for managing information received from their respective clients. Consequently, the system will improve their profitability through more satisfied consumers and a wider client base. There will be no point in charging them for this because if PwC was to do this, they would be trying to get double benefits.Conclusion Building a global network is a huge challenge for PwC but this company has more than enough capabilities to deal with this issue. First of all, their networking team has been able to manage effectively and they will continue to do so. Secondly project, development and customer care groups have also done their part. The company needs to keep up this effort in order to ensure th at their Knowledge Curve has succeeded. References PWC (2000): Homepage, retrieved from http://www. pwcglobal. com/ accessed on 24th Jan 2008Anonymous (1998): Moore Schiro: We changed the competitive landscape; Accounting Today, 28th September Thomas, S. (2000): Focus – Keeping pace with knowledge; Information Week Review, 155 Leong, K. (1999): Marketing Gets Innovative, Internet week, 3rd May, Lambert and Langley (2000): PwC Interview, Hong Kong, 1st February Lotus (2000): Definition of Notes, retrieved form http://www. whatiscom/notes. htm 30 May Farhoomand, A. (2000): Price water house Cooper: Building a global network; Asia case research centre Law, G. (1998): And then there were four; Management journal, 45, 1

Internet Addicition Essay

Much evidence has been alleged that social pathologies are beginning to surface in cyberspace (i.e., internet addictions). A lot of controversy is surrounding the question, is there proof that the internet is being abused and misused by individuals on an everyday basis and should we consider this to be a major mental health problem? Key Arguments: * Why do people have attachment insecurity and dissociation with their lives to make them choose to be disorganized, and allow a fantasy world to take over resulting in problematic internet abuse. * How information and communication technologies changing our way of interacting with reality. * What are the psychological symptoms involving disturbed relationships with technologies emerging, how some are more affected than others. * How different forms of related dependence behaviours, such as an addiction to social networking, cybersex, online gambling, or web-based role-playing games are affecting our need to be on the internet. * How some games reward â€Å"achievements† and â€Å"goals† making the cyber game goals more important of that than reality goals. * Does social media, such as Facebook, Twitter, Myspace and other forms of cyber communication have detrimental effects related to internet addiction. * Internet Gambling, main reasons for internet addiction, however not just costing their health but impacting finances and crippling family relationships. Critical Analysis Article 1: Reference (2) Researchers have begun to examine the personal and social consequences associated with excessive online involvement. The present study examined college students’ problematic Internet use (PIU) behaviors Its specific aim was to investigate the links between PIU with both internalizing (depression, social anxiety) and externalizing (substance use and other risky behaviors) problems. Article 2: Reference (4) There are many psychological factors surrounding the present issue of internet addiction, using evidence such as Social Networking Sites (SNS)e.g., facebook , twitter etc, Massive Multiplayer Online games and Internet Gambling as my three key topics. The aim is to provide a clear and concise method about how individuals who consistently spend their time on the internet are having detrimental effects on their physical, social and psychological life. Article 3: Reference (5) There is an increasing need for the provision of both internet addiction prevention and care for any sufferers, psychologist should be weary of the dangers of internet abuse when youth present with anti-social, aggressive behaviours. Socialization in girls may be warped towards online contact and the user may beneï ¬ t from providing alternatives. The aim is to focus on internet-related addictive behaviours and how to include the use of suitable diagnostic tools, a detailed personal interview, a mental health status examination and information regarding the overt behaviours gathered by the surroundings. I want to engage the reader to believe that internet addiction is a real mental health issue, that effects youth all the way to late adolescent, whether it be an addiction though games, gambling, social media etc, there is evidence to say that individuals influenced by this addiction are not progressing in life, because excess use of a cyber world has become a major part of their li ves or taken over their lives. Structure: – Evidence addiction in Video Games (Kuss, Daria J; Griffiths, Mark D. Studies): Main conclusions stemming from this source – Psychological Evidence to Addiction (Griffiths, M Study & Gencer, S L & Koc, M Study): Main conclusions stemming from this source – Evidence addiction to Social Networking Systems (Kittinger, R., Correia, C J., & Irons J G Article): Main conclusions stemming from this source References Bozkurt, H; Coskun, M; Ayaydin, H; Adak, I; Zoroglu, S S (2013). Prevalence and patterns of psychiatric disorders in referred adolescents with Internet addiction. Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences. 67(5), pp. 352-359. De, L., & Josepth, A. (2013). Problematic Internet Use and Other Risky Behaviours in College Students: An Applicationof Problem-Behaviour Theory. Psychology of Addictive Behaviors, 27(1), pp. 133-141. DOI: 10.1037/a0030823. Gencer, S L & Koc, M. (2012) Internet abuse among teenagers and Its relations to internet usage patterns and demographics. Journal of Educational Technology & Society. 15(2), pp. 25-36. Griffiths, M. (2010). Internet abuse and Internet addiction in the workplace. Journal of Workplace Learning, 22(7), 2010, pp. 463-472. Kittinger, R., Correia, C J., & Irons J G (2012) Relationship Between Facebook Use and Problematic Internet Use Among College Student. Cyberpsychology, Behavior, and Social Networking. 15(6), pp. 324-327. Kuss, D J; Griffiths, M D. , Internet video game addiction: A systematic review of empirical research in the literature. Revue Adolescence. 30(1), 2012, pp. 17-49.

Aristotle’s Theory of Poetics

Aristotle’s Theory of Poetics Research Assignment Aristotle bases his theory of poetics on greek tragedy. He defines tragedy as â€Å"the imitation of an action that is serious and also as having magnitude, complete in itself. † (Melani, 2009) He views that, â€Å"Tragedy is a form of drama exciting the emotions of pity and fear. Its action should be single and complete, presenting a reversal of fortune, involving persons renowned and of superior attainments,and it should be written in poetry embellished with every kind of artistic expression. † . (Melani, 2009) Usually the writer would present the emotions of pity and fear within tragedy which interprets catharsis. Aristotle viewed the term catharsis as the â€Å"purging† of emotions such as pity or fear which are triggered with tragic action within greek plays Aristotle draws a difference between tragedy and other genres, as the audience watches the tragedy, they feel a â€Å"tragic pleasure of pity and fear†. In order for the tragic hero to arouse these feelings in the audience, he cannot be either all good or all evil but must be someone the audience can identify with; however, if he is superior, the tragic pleasure is intensified.His disastrous end results from a mistaken action, which in turn arises from a tragic flaw or from a tragic error in judgment. â€Å"Often the tragic flaw is known as hubris, pride that causes the hero to ignore a warning. It has been suggested that because the tragic hero's suffering is greater than his offense, the audience feels pity; because the audience members perceive that they could behave similarly, they feel pity. An example of this is evident within the tragedy Oedipus Rex. (Melani, 2009) Catharsis Aristotle argues that the best tragedies and some of the best plays, since Aristotle considers tragedy to be the highest dramatic form, when the use of reversal and recognition to achieve catharsis is present during a tragedy or a play, he finds that with this aspect in perspective they are the best. Aristotle often writes reversal works with a story's spine or center in order to ensure that the hero comes full circle.An example of this is highlighted in the play Oedipus Rex, a hero who undergoes such a reversal and thus has cathartic self-recognition. Aristotle considers catharsis to be a form of redemption such that even though Oedipus' recognition is tragic it still redeems him: he no longer lives in ignorance of his tragedy but instead he decides to accept his fate. He sees that redemption is not the only result of catharsis; the audience also undergoes a catharsis in a good drama.The hero's catharsis induces both pity and fear in the audience, they pity the hero, and fear that his fate could possibly happen to us. Mimises Aristotle believes that there are two main aspects to think of art: some would consider art to be an expression of what is original and unusual in human behavious whilst Aristotle argues that ar t is â€Å"imitative†, it is a representation of life, and this idea motivated Aristotle. â€Å"He devotes much of the Poetics to exploring the methods, significance, and consequences of the imitation of life.Aristotle concludes that art's imitative tendencies are expressed in one of three ways: a poet attempts to portray our world as it is, as we think it is, or as it ought to be. † (Zuern) Aristotle believed that all poetry is an imitation or mimesis. Aristotle imagines that poetry springs from a basic human delight in mimicry. Humans learn through imitating and are fascinated by looking at imitations of the perceived world. The mimetic dimension of the poetic arts is, always representational. This was known as mimesis.During Aristotle's time, critics considered epic poetry to be the supreme art form, but Aristotle though differently, he viewed tragedy as the better of the two forms. Aristotle believes that tragedy, can entertain its written form, but also can transl ate onstage into a drama of spectacle and music. Aristotle often felt that the use of the word â€Å"unity,† was sometimes misunderstood. He considers that unity is the ability of the best dramatic plots to revolve around a central axis that ‘unites' all actions within a play.Aristotle believed that a unified drama will have a ‘spine': a main idea which motivates all the action, character, thoughts, diction and spectacle in the play. (Gradesaver, 2012) Work Cited  · â€Å"Aristotle's Poetics Study Guide. † . 4Shared, n. d. Web. 6 Sep 2012. .  ·Ã¢â‚¬ Aristotle's Poetics Themes. † GradeSaver . N. p. , n. d. Web. 6 Sep 2012. .  ·Melani, Lilia . â€Å"Tragedy. † . N. p. , 13 March 2009. Web. 5 Sep 2012. .  ·Zuern, John . â€Å"Aristotle Poetics. † CriticaLink. University of Hawai`i, 1999. Web. 6 Sep 2012. .